Everything about Trioctylphosphine Oxide totally explained
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Trioctylphosphine oxide, frequently referred to simply as
TOPO, is a
chemical compound. TOPO, a tertiary alkylphosphines, can be used as an extraction or stabilizing agent. It is a stable white solid at room temperature.
It can be synthesized from
phosphorus trichloride, or from a
phosphine.
It is now frequently used as a capping
ligand for
quantum dots (for example
CdSe quantum dots). In these cases, it stabilizes the
nanoparticles in organic solvents. TOPO-coated quantum dots are typically soluble in
chloroform,
toluene, and (to a lesser extent)
hexane.
TOPO contains three octyl chains resulting in different conformational structures.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed at different levels of theory suggest that the lowest energy conformation of TOPO has C3 symmetry. The next most stable conformation is very close to possessing a plane of
symmetry. In addition, there are at least 14 other conformations having no symmetry (not including optical isomers) which lie within 1 kcal/mol of the C3 geometry. The energies of these
gauche conformations don't vary in a systematic fashion as the kink (dihedral angle θ=60°) moves towards the phosphorus along the octyl chain.
TOPO has a large permanent
dipole moment resulting from the phosphorus-oxygen bond. The calculated vibrational frequencies of the P=O bond don't correlate with the electronic density at the bond critical point.
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